The title character in the tragedy Stella Maris (1918) is a beautiful invalid whose paralysis keeps her locked away from the world's realities. Confined to a bedroom in the gracious home of wealthy aunt and uncle Lord and Lady Blount (Herbert Standing and Ida Waterman), Stella (Mary Pickford) is visited regularly by her devoted friend, journalist John Risca (Conway Tearle) who also grows to love the girl. John has problems of his own, namely his troubled marriage which he keeps a secret. Though enraptured by Stella, he is unable to separate from his vicious wife Louise Risca (Marcia Manon), a formerly decent woman who through alcohol and drug addiction has become a monster.

Because Stella never leaves her bedroom and its breathtaking view of the sea, she knows nothing of the brutality which others like the homely orphan Unity Blake know all too well. Unity is adopted from her orphanage by Louise, who seems to offer her the chance of a better life. In reality, Louise just wants a servant and viciously mistreats the obedient Unity. When one such beating draws the attention of the neighbors Louise is taken to jail and her guilty husband takes over guardianship of Unity.

John is the first person who has ever cared for Unity, and she falls desperately in love with him. But realizing her love will never be fulfilled Unity commits the ultimate act of self-sacrifice to rid John of his wife and allow his romance with Stella to progress unhindered.

Stella Maris is most remarkable for Pickford's radical transformation from her usual delicate, long-tressed beauty into the pitifully hunched urchin Unity. But the transformation is more than skin deep. Pickford manages to make Unity's craving for love as believable and heartfelt as Stella's distress at all the real world horrors her aunt and uncle have shielded her from. In one memorable scene Stella is approached by a woman begging for food for her hungry children and Stella is appalled that such a reality could exist outside the tranquil gates of her family's estate.

Pickford first discovered William J. Locke's novel of Stella Maris during an informal tutorial in literature her friend, screenwriter Frances Marion, had arranged to help Pickford improve on her humble education. The film was later remade in 1925, with Mary Philbin playing the dual role of Stella and Unity.

Pickford recounted in her autobiography that when Adolph Zukor visited the Stella Maris set during production, he was horrified at seeing his valuable, enormously profitable star in her Unity Blake costume. It was only because Zukor was away from Paramount in 1917 that Pickford even considered undertaking a transformation as un-glamorous as the one from beautiful silent heroine to Cockney guttersnipe -- a very novel dual-role performance for the cinema of the time. Not only is Pickford's performance marvelous (some have called it the best of her career), but director Marshall Neilan and cameraman Walter Stradling expertly pull off the impression that these are two different people through their brilliant use of double exposure techniques.

Much to Zukor's surprise and delight, Stella Maris was a fairly successful film. Zukor went on to call it "the most remarkable thing which Mary Pickford has ever done for the screen." In the past some had criticized "America's Sweetheart" Pickford as a one-trick pony in roles like Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm or Pollyanna, only able to play the cute, spunky heroines in sentimental, popular silents. But Stella Maris proved Pickford's detractors wrong.

And it would not be Pickford's last dual role. Dual parts became quite popular in early silent features and Pickford attempted an even more ambitious double role in 1921. She played both the curly-headed title moppet in Little Lord Fauntleroy as well as his mother, Dearest.

Playing Unity Blake was certainly a courageous move on Pickford's part and showed her desire to challenge typecasting, even if it meant appearing genuinely unattractive and romantically unappealing. To play Unity she greased down her hair and pulled it into tight pigtails, used white paint to make her eyes smaller, darkened her teeth, made hollows in her cheeks with dark paint and used make-up to draw a down turned, troubled expression on Unity. She was photographed from her less attractive right side too. To test the Unity make-up Pickford wandered the studio under the pretense of finding work as a cleaning lady. She was delighted when she discovered that no one recognized her.

Director: Marshall Neilan
Producer: Paramount/Artcraft Films
Screenplay: Adapted from the novel by William J. Locke by Frances Marion
Cinematography: Walter Stradling
Production Design: Wilfred Buckland
Cast: Mary Pickford (Stella Maris, Unity Blake), Conway Tearle (John Risca), Marcia Manon (Louise Risca), Ida Waterman (Lady Blount), Herbert Standing (Sir Blount), Josephine Crowell (Aunt Gladys Linden), Teddy the Dog (The Sennett Dog).
BW-85m.