The folksy charm of Will Rogers is played to the sentimental hilt in John G. Blystone's 1932 film Too Busy to Work. Rogers stars as Jubilo, a good-natured tramp, so named because of his favorite folk tune, which he frequently hums. Jubilo cheerfully avoids the messy entanglements of employment, money and responsibility. "How can you be so lazy?" one character asks. "It's not very hard," Jubilo replies, "You just don't do nothing about it and, first thing you know, why it just kind of takes care of itself."

The film begins with a comical introduction in which Jubilo tries to help a fellow hobo try and catch a rabbit (despite his protestation, "I ain't pursuing any running breakfast"). Jubilo explains that he is heading to California to confront the man who stole his wife fifteen years prior: state Senate nominee Judge Hardy (Frederick Burton).

After disembarking from his personal boxcar, Jubilo witnesses a post-bank robbery shoot-out in which the getaway car is driven by a cheerful young man who had just given Jubilo a dollar: Dan Hardy (Dick Powell). Though Jubilo doesn't realize it, Dan is Judge Hardy's son, and the series of events that night will have fateful consequences for all concerned.

Eventually, Jubilo finds his way to the Hardy household. Without revealing his identity or intent, he befriends the family servant (Louise Beavers) by affectionately calling her "Mammy." Even though it will surely provoke a groan from contemporary viewers, this appeal to her Southern roots scores Jubilo a slice of apple pie and the offer of food and lodging in exchange for work. Jubilo carefully weighs the offer: "I don't want to get into the habit of working, but I don't want to get out of the habit of eating." He stays on, but manages to trick the oafish ranch hand Axel (Constantine Romanoff) into doing all the hard labor. When told to milk the cows, Jubilo quips, "I do all my milking with a can opener."

Jubilo learns his wife has died two years earlier, but that his daughter, Rose (Marian Nixon) still lives on the property. Sensing some sort of connection without realizing his paternity, Rose, like most everyone in Too Busy to Work, becomes enamored with the homespun do-nothing.

Jubilo slyly reveals his identity to Judge Hardy by telling the story of a man whose wife was stolen while the husband fought in World War I. Hardy gets the message, is wracked by guilt, and gives Jubilo a pistol with which to carry out whatever punishment he deems appropriate.

Meanwhile, Jubilo -- learning that Dan is Judge Hardy's son and Rose's fiancé -- lies to the police about Dan's involvement in the getaway. But Jubilo's story contradicts that of a wounded gunman and Dan risks arrest for his involvement in the crime.

But more persuasive than the book-learning of a prosperous judge is the home-grown wisdom of a hobo like Jubilo, who sets out to restore happiness and stability to the beleaguered family of which his precious daughter -- like it or not -- is now a part.

The story on which Too Busy to Work was based -- "Jubilo", by Ben Ames Williams (who penned the novel Leave Her to Heaven) -- originally appeared in The Saturday Evening Post. It was first adapted to the screen in 1919, with Rogers in the title role (his second film), under producer Samuel Goldwyn and director Clarence Badger.

Due to the popularity of the film, Rogers quickly became associated with the role. According to Ben Yoda's Will Rogers: A Biography, "Whenever [director Badger] and Will would go into the local movie theatre, the organist or pianist, immediately on recognizing the star, would play the 'Jubilo' melody."

In 1924, Rogers revisited the role in a two-reel short for the Hal Roach Studios: Jubilo, Jr.. This film, however, directed by Robert F. McGowan and co-starring Charley Chase and the Our Gang kids, resembles Williams's story in name only.

The sound-era remake was suggested by Goldwyn who, on October 3, 1929, sent Rogers a cordial note congratulating him on his work on Frank Borzage's They Had to See Paris (1929). "Why don't you try to have your company get Jubilo for you? It would make a marvelous talkie and think it would be infinitely better than the original silent version. If you will remember, this was the best picture we made together." And so it began.

The location scenes for Too Busy to Work were shot in Bishop, California from August 25 to September 4, 1932. The remainder was filmed at "Rogers Ranch," the actor's own studio facility in the Pacific Palisades from September 6 - October 4.

If one doesn't recognize the title of the tune from which Jubilo takes his name, one will surely recognize the melody, as it is a staple of Cavalry and Civil War films throughout the decade. The song, written by Henry Clay Work in 1863 to celebrate the Emancipation Proclamation, was also known as "Kingdom Coming" and "In the Days of Jubilo." Telling the story of a plantation master's sudden flight from the invading Union forces, the chorus cheers, "The massa run, ha ha! The darky stay, ho ho!/It must be now the kingdom coming and the year of Jubilo!"

In its December 3, 1932 review of Too Busy to Work, The New York Times's Mordaunt Hall marveled at the contrast between actor and role: "Will Rogers, who without a doubt is one of Hollywood's most industrious inhabitants, portrays a tramp with a decided distaste for even the simplest form of toil. What is more, this actor, writer, flier, and polo enthusiast, actually gives an excellent impression of a lazy man."

The degree of pathos in the film was uncommon for Rogers' vehicles. He teeters on the verge of tears through most of the picture. The Times aptly compared Jubilo to the screen's best known sentimental tramp, "the last glimpse of Jubilo is very much like that of the little tramp of the Chaplin films, for he slouches away with his back to the audience along a road lined by tall trees."

When it opened on December 2 at New York's Roxy Theater, Too Busy to Work was accompanied by two stage shows, entitled "Silhouettes" and "Milady's Bouquet," and a prestidigitator named Keith Clark, "who actually hails from France [and] gives a further exhibition of his wizardry with lighted cigarettes," reported the Times. "He looks as though he has only one when he appears on the stage, but before his act is over he seems to have smoked and thrown away about ten cigarettes." One longs for a more detailed account of Clark's peculiar act.

Director: John G. Blystone
Screenplay: Barry Conners and Philip Klein
Based on the story "Jubilo" by Ben Ames Williams
Cinematography: Charles G. Clarke
Production Design: Max Parker
Music: Gene Rose
Cast: Will Rogers (Jubilo), Marian Nixon (Rose), Frederick Burton (Judge Hardy), Dick Powell (Dan Hardy), Louise Beavers (Mammy), Constantine Romanoff (Axel).
BW-70m.

by Bret Wood