Let it be said: one of movies' greatest glories is the gift of
seeing what you could never in reality see, and going where
your body could never go. Exercising that principle in an
extraordinary new way, nearly a full century since narrative
cinema was born, Peter Watkins's La Commune (Paris,
1871) (2000) may be the closest a film has ever come to
fulfilling Woodrow Wilson's dazzled praise of Griffith's
The Birth of a Nation as "writing history with
lightning." It is both a carefully historical and oddly
futuristic film, a timeless six-hour epic (made for French TV
but never shown in France) about proletariat righteousness
that prioritizes political ethics over entertainment, even as
the film itself becomes a propulsively involving and
suspenseful costume drama. Which is to say, Watkins sees and
has always seen the tribulations of the oppressed and
disenfranchised as being the greatest and most absorbing
tragedy of the modern era. It's activist filmmaking by way of
ballistic drama and high-concept formal fireworks.
A largely unsung titan at the business end of a renegade
career that began almost five decades ago, Watkins may be the
most honest, independent, intellectually rigorous and
politically prescient filmmaker at work today. Certainly, no
one beyond Godard is as protean an interrogator of both
social power structures and the sign-&-meaning experience of
film itself. Watkins pioneered the use of the "mock doc"
approach, so popular now as a vehicle for satire, but his
program couldn't be more serious. Watkins's first feature for
the BBC, Culloden (1964), had appalled network
cameramen witness the Jacobite combat of 1745; his next,
The War Game (1966), graphically faked a documentary
about the effects of a nuclear attack on Britain, and was
banned by the BBC for 20 years. (It did reap one of the
strangest Oscars® ever awarded: Best Documentary, for a
fully scripted, wholly acted, fake-non-fiction
featurette.)
Watkins's has been on the move globally ever since, and has
remained at war with producers, distributors and governments,
often becoming the victim of censorship, blackouts and active
suppression. His faux-non-fiction scheme has also persisted
the visionary biopic Edvard Munch (1976), his most
popular film, has as much to do with Industrial Revolution
injustice, expressed by utterly convincing talking-head
interviews with 19th century laborers, as with the Norwegian
painter. La Commune might be the big-brain outcome of
this evolution. Using a large cast of non-professionals, and
the mock-up interior of a single warehouse shot in
black-&-white video, Watkins plunges into the titular people's
uprising, a two-month period in which, at the tail-end of the
Franco-Prussian War, the worker citizens of Paris, led by the
armed National Guard and other disaffected military personnel,
took over the city. With the formal government having fled to
Versailles, a socialist program was enacted, and for a brief
period a kind of empowering, egalitarian utopia was founded
people voted on everything, everyone helped each other, and
the tension of capitalist dog-eat-dog ethos were scrapped in
favor of a truly communal society.
Of course it couldn't, and didn't, last, soon crushed by
Republican forces. Nor has it been much of a topical presence
in history books since. (The only other feature to depict this
troublesome moment in history is the rather crazy Soviet
propaganda film The New Babylon, directed by Grigori
Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg in 1929.) With a threadbare
budget, Watkins takes a textual leap, imagining the presence
of TV broadcast technology in 1871, and so the airwaves,
avidly observed and participated in by everyone, are a
battleground between the right-wing Versailles news
programming (full of sardonic pundits), and the spontaneous,
elated, mic-in-hand reports from the commune's front lines.
The mob of over 200 Parisians is in a constant state of
feverish, activist excitement, as the powerful elite we see
entirely on TV are stuffy, regal, and perniciously dishonest,
twisting facts, making absurd summary judgments, and
characterizing the communards as crazed outlaws. (Watkins's
method involved allowing the cast members to write their own
dialogue and cooperatively create their own scenes, and so for
the Versailles media figures he cast actual conservatives, and
told them to just express their own points of view.) The
breaking-news immediacy is infectious, making vitally resonant
history feel brand new and electric to the touch.
But of course Watkins's ideas of history belong not merely to
the past, but to the present: whether his films have trucked
with historical fact or sci-fi speculation, they're always
about the here and now, a modern, commercialized social web
fraught with alienated masses, out-of-control corporations,
self-serving federal powers, and mass media that cheapens and
degrades everything it touches. (The irony cannot be lost on
Watkins that he, the world's preeminent player in the fields
of is-it-real-or-is-it-Memorex slippage, has become the last
man standing in defiance against a culture thick with reality
shows.) La Commune's dramatic force is titanic, but it
is, due to its extraordinary length, profoundly inspiring as
well. (Neo-cons, beware.) And not just for us as the commune
and the film wind down and face their sad conclusions, Watkins
allows his amateur cast to break out of character and speak
about France in the new millennium, and it's a measure of the
project's fidelity to human truth that there's hardly a
difference between the "acted" past and the confessional
present.
Is La Commune the most passionate and eloquent
progressive-values film ever made? It's difficult to imagine
what would happen to the voting patterns in this country if
adults actually took in Watkins's history lesson with open
minds. After being shunned by the French networks, the movie
has been roaming the globe, finding only occasional showings
on European television and brief appearances in the most
courageous of art-house theaters. Now, on DVD, it's as
available to everyone as a boxed set of Family Guy
but will it get seen? The three-disc box comes with a
revealing, Canadian-made feature portrait of Watkins and La
Commune's production, Geoff Bowie's The Universal
Clock: The Resistance of Peter Watkins (2001).
For more information about La Commune, visit First Run Features.
To order La Commune, go to
TCM
Shopping.
by Michael Atkinson
La Commune - Originally Made for French Television But Never Broadcast - Peter Watkins' LA COMMUNE (PARIS, 1871) on DVD
by Michael Atkinson | October 18, 2006
SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTERS
CONNECT WITH TCM