Leo McCarey put his directorial spoon into Duck Soup because he had
impressed the Marx Brothers with his direction of their fellow
vaudevillian Eddie Cantor's musical The Kid from Spain (1932). As
flattering as their approval might have been, McCarey did not warm up to
the project, as he told Cahiers du cinema in 1967:
"I don't like (Duck Soup) so much...I never chose to shoot this film.
The Marx Brothers absolutely wanted me to direct them in a film. I refused.
Then they got angry with the studio, broke their contract and left.
Believing myself secure, I accepted the renewal of my own contract with the
studio. Soon, the Marx Brothers were reconciled with (Paramount)...and I
found myself in the process of directing the Marx Brothers. The most
surprising thing about this film was that I succeeded in not going crazy,
for I really did not want to work with them: they were completely mad."
Screenwriters Harry Ruby and Bert Kalmer were standing on the set of one day
when an extra standing next to them said, "I don't know who wrote this stuff
but they ought to be arrested...they should be in a different business."
Kalmer, who was known as a rational and calm man, said to Ruby, "I'm going
over to hit him. Who does he think he is? He's just an extra!" But before
fisticuffs erupted, Kalmer and Ruby were informed that Chico Marx had paid
the extra to rib the screenwriters, just for the hell of it.
Some screenwriters did not survive the Marx Brothers long enough to be ribbed at
all. Two Paramount contract writers, Grover Jones and Kean Thompson, were both
eager and willing to be assigned to Duck Soup. They were each hired at
different intervals, but both had disappeared from the production after two
weeks' work. They simply did not have the stamina and perseverance in dealing
with the Marx Brothers.
As far as Groucho Marx was concerned, Margaret Dumont, playing the matronly Mrs.
Teasdale, was practically the fifth Marx Brother. She always played her scenes
with Groucho and the boys in Duck Soup and their other pictures as if
they were the most serious and dignified scenes ever put to film. Her ramrod
straight and sincere acting make the picture's madcap humor and satire that much
more effective. Just look in the final scene: Dumont truly sings her heart out
as the Brothers pound her mercilessly with custard pies. Groucho later said of
her, "She was a wonderful woman. She was the same offstage as she was on it -
always the stuffy, dignified matron. She took everything seriously. She would
say to me, 'Julie, why are they laughing?'" Apparently, Dumont truly did not
get most of the Marx Brothers' brand of humor.
To help sell Duck Soup to theater exhibitors and the public, the
Paramount press department featured a number of contests to get the
word out about the newest Marx Brothers laughfest. In addition to
"Name the Four Marx Sisters," there was also a proposed duck-hunting
contest, in which hunters across the fruited plain would bring back
their catch to be cooked in one big duck dinner, beginning with duck
soup, of course. And then there was the duck parade. Just imagine, to
paraphrase the Paramount press materials, after you round up four ducks
(preferably from a poultry market or a farmer), dress them as the
Brothers, and let them lead the parade, you, the faithful theater
manager, could then create more nonstop hilarity by tying the ducks
together with a long string. "The ducks will not stay in line but that
will only add to the confusion and the excitement," the press materials
helpfully added.
In the original script, there was to be a romance between Raquel Torres and
Zeppo Marx, but it was cut before the picture's release. In fact, after
the premiere of Duck Soup, Zeppo cut himself from the comedy team
altogether, citing a dissatisfaction with movie acting overall, and a
weariness with being the butt of jokes regarding him as the "unfunny" Marx
brother. But contrary to the commonly accepted story, Zeppo did not leave
to represent his brothers as their showbiz agent. In fact, the only deal
Zeppo ever spearheaded for his brothers was with RKO Pictures, for the 1938
movie, Room Service. Upon making his exit from the cameras, Zeppo,
and another Marx brother, Gummo eventually represented a number of talented
writers and actors, including George S. Kaufman, Dorothy Parker, Lucille
Ball, Fred MacMurray, Barbara Stanwyck, Jean Harlow, and Lana Turner. It
was Gummo, not Zeppo, who became the Marx Brothers' formal agent.
Shortly before Duck Soup premiered in November 1933, the city of
Fredonia, New York, complained about the use of its name with a missive
from the town mayor that read, "The name of Fredonia has been without
blot since 1817. I feel it is my duty as mayor to question your
intentions in using the name of our city in your picture." Groucho
replied in writing, "Your Excellency: Our advice is that you change the
name of your town. It is hurting our picture. Anyhow, what makes you
think you're Mayor of Fredonia? Do you wear a black moustache, play a
harp, speak with an Italian accent, or chase girls like Harpo? We are
certain you do not. Therefore, we must be Mayor of Fredonia, not you.
The old gray Mayor ain't what he used to be."
Another "state" objected to Duck Soup in a big way. Benito Mussolini,
the fascist Italian dictator, took the film's parodic assault on war and
dictatorships quite personally, so he banned the film in Italy completely.
Naturally, the Marx Brothers were quite happy to hear that their film was
being received so vociferously in fascist Europe. All their films were
already banned in Germany, not because of their satirical jabs against
fascism, but because the Marxes were Jewish.
Irving Thalberg, the production chief at MGM, felt that the Brothers' Paramount
films were lackluster box office performers because their characters were
mostly "unsympathetic." He felt that if the characters were motivated by
helping the two romantic leads of the picture, then audiences would be more
pleased overall. The failure of Duck Soup at the box office gave some
credence to Thalberg's argument. Indeed, the Marxes' biggest moneymakers, A
Night at the Opera (1935) and A Day at the Races (1937), were made
under Thalberg's supervision and with the understanding that the boys were not
to be uninhibited anarchists, but rather Cupid's helpers. On the other hand,
Duck Soup features no sappy romantic interludes that you would want to
fast forward through, something that mars the MGM pictures.
Duck Soup will probably leave you with one question: what's with that
title? While their Paramount films all had enigmatic titles, such as
Horse Feathers (1932), the Duck Soup title actually had an
explanation behind it. Groucho explained: "Take two turkeys, one goose,
four cabbages, but no duck, and mix them together. After one taste, you'll
duck soup the rest of your life."
Behind the Camera
March 21, 2006

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