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It is said that every Japanese schoolboy knows the date 1702, when a group of 47 Ronin samurai avenged their fallen lord by
staging a mass attack on an offending court official. Japan's 300 year-old national epic Chushingura exalts basic
Japanese values, especially the most honorable tenets of bushido, the samurai or warrior's code. The historical event has
inspired literally hundreds of film and television adaptations, distinguished one from another by subtle differences in stress.
One version might emphasize the Byzantine politics of the Shogun's court, while another could focus on the domestic hardships of
the retainers and samurai set adrift in the rigid Japanese social system. The big studios remade the Chushingura story to
show off company assets, and there's hardly a name Japanese film star who hasn't appeared in at least one iteration, if not
several.
Kunio Watabe's 1958 version for the Daiei studio, The Loyal 47 ronin is a lavish production in color and Daieiscope. It's
an excellent point of entry for those wishing a basic tutorial on feudal values under the Shogun. The basic story is easy enough
to follow, but as there are at least thirty main characters to keep straight.
The story tells of the 47 retainer-swordsmen of Lord Asano (Raizo Ichikawa) caught in a Catch-22 between contradictory rules of
duty and obedience. Lord Asano is charged with hosting a reception for the Shogun's messenger but is unschooled in the
all-important details of dress and deportment. The only official who can help, Lord Kira (Osamo Takizawa), repeatedly insults
Asano and gives him contrary advice. Kira wants to humiliate Asano, with the aim of influencing the Shogun to dissolve the
Lord's family and seize his property. Unable to bear the slight to his honor, Asano draws his sword in the palace and wounds
Kira slightly -- a capital offense.
Unfavorable politics ensure that Asano is denied his day in court, and is instead instructed to commit suicide. His property is
forfeit and his vassals are discharged. Asano's 47 samurai retainers are pledged by honor to strike back against Lord Kira,
while obedience to the Shogun demands that they be humble and accept the situation. Asano's chief retainer Oishi (Kazuo Hasegawa
of Revenge of a Kabuki Actor) heads off rash retaliation,
and also forbids his men to commit mass suicide. Oishi instead formulates a secret revenge plan that will be an ultimate test of
samurai loyalty.
Oishi's strategy requires that his men disband and publicly renounce their desire to seek revenge. They must hide the truth even
from their loved ones. One young swordsman is thrown out by his furious father-in-law (Takashi Shimura of Seven Samurai)
and all of them endure public scorn and abuse. Oishi tells Lord Asano's widow (Fujiko Yamamoto) that he'll not be seeking
revenge. He then loses himself in drinking and cavorting. Oishi's loyal wife is shattered when he brings a prostitute home to
meet her, In front of his mother, children and the neighbors, Oishi divorces his wife and sends his entire family away.
All this is necessary because Kira has planted spies everywhere. As a full year passes, one of his men sets up a trinket store
opposite Kira's walled city compound, and begins an affair with the daughter of the architect (Ayako Wakao of Manji and
Red Angel) so as to obtain the blueprints of Kira's house. Another Ronin is so poor that his mother volunteers to kill
herself so that he can continue to follow Oishi's instructions.
The restraint and self-abasement eventually pay off. Other officials dislike the greedy, conspiratorial Kira, and the Shogun
eventually regrets that he allowed his regent to punish Lord Asano too severely. A deep-cover agent (Machiko Kyo) in Kira's
employ is so impressed by the noble Oishi that she switches loyalties to protect him. Sympathy for the 47 ronin increases, and
Oishi sneaks back into town by masquerading as a man named Gorobei. In a truly marvelous scene, the real Gorobei arrives on
Oishi's doorstep to demand an explanation. When he realizes that he's speaking to the respected Oishi, Gorobei not only backs
down, he offers his own credentials to help Oishi continue his impersonation. The meeting is played out in formal speech and
gestures, with only the tears welling up in Oishi's eyes betraying his gratitude.
With the day of revenge at hand, the 47 make final contact with their estranged families and sweethearts, but still cannot
reveal their mission. As snowflakes fall, they form into two groups to storm the gates of Kira's estate.
The Loyal 47 ronin serves up a dazzling battle in the snow, albeit a slightly stylized one. The sword fighting is violent
but not entirely realistic, with duels that resemble part-dance fights as might be performed on a stage. There's very little
blood; the heyday of the explicit Samurai film is still a few years away.
Thanks to Oishi's careful strategy the avengers achieve a state of almost god-like grace, but we understand that their full
obligation won't be discharged until they all kill themselves. The ultimate ideal is to put one's life behind one's oath. Under
Bushido, this conviction combined with personal sacrifice gives the warrior the moral right to exact revenge. Depending on one's
viewpoint, the story is either an expression of national identity or a glorification of fanaticism.
Spirited acting and excellent production values make the epic-length The Loyal 47 ronin a pleasure to watch. Osamo
Takizawa is particularly villainous as the craven Lord Kira. Daiei built enormous sets for the film, which is mostly filmed in
studio interiors. Lord Asano's court attire alternates between unwieldy robes and a tent-like floppy dress that trails sleeves
and pants legs when he walks. The 47 have been wearing rags and disguises for a year, but for their day of triumph they appear
in smart matching costumes bearing Lord Asano's insignia. We never saw so many well-dressed warriors enraptured by the promise
of an honorable death.
AnimEigo's DVD of The Loyal 47 ronin is a pleasing, colorful enhanced transfer of this classy production, looking much
better than Image Entertainment's flat-letterboxed DVD of the also-good 1962 Hiroshi Inagaki version.
Once again, AnimEigo's presentation makes a classic accessible to viewers unacquainted with Japanese history, customs or movie
genres. The careful subtitles are often accompanied by explanations of new words and names. The text program notes discuss the
historical basis for the story as well as explain the relationships between the various Shogunate officials and nobles. The only
thing that throws us is the fact that Lord Asano, Lord Kira and a few other characters are addressed by differently in different
situations. Luckily, keeping most of the characters straight is not difficult.
Along with the program notes come detailed text talent bios, where we learn that one of the actors is Shintaro Katsu, the star
of the popular Zatoichi blind swordsman series. A gallery of stills is included as well.
For more information about The Loyal 47 Ronin, visit Animeigo. To order The Loyal 47 Ronin, go
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by Glenn Erickson
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